The production lines for rifled 120mm ammunition in the UK have been closed for some years so existing stocks of ammunition for the L30A1 are finite. The smaller volume but more powerful EuroPowerPack additionally incorporates as standard a cooling system and air intake filtration system proved in desert use. A Challenger 2 tank and an M1A2 Abrams are hunting each other on a from www.quora.com. The infantry protect the tanks, which in turn blast enemy fortifications that block the infantry. Like earlier British 120mm guns, it is insulated by a thermal sleeve. The engine was also fitted with the injection system in the exhaust manifolds to create additional smoke. The tank has a glistening service record in Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq. To date, the only time the tank has been destroyed during operations was by another Challenger 2 in a "blue on blue" (friendly fire) incident at Basra in 2003 when the . I appreciate all of your contributions. [74], As of January 2022 six Challenger 2s were reported to have received the automotive upgrades prior to conversion to Challenger 3s. An optional servo-controlled overhead weapons platform can be slaved to the commander's sight to allow operation independent from the turret. The Prime Minister and ministers are speaking to our allies across the world in the following days and weeks to ramp up the pressure on Putin and to secure a better future for Ukraine.. Challenger 2 was first used in combat in March 2003 during the invasion of Iraq. . The Titan came into service in 2006 with the Royal Engineers, with 33 in service. [12], Since entering service, various upgrades have sought to improve the Challenger 2's protection, mobility and lethality, the most recent of which was the Life Extension Programme (LEP). In this way, which countries have the most tanks? The Challenger 2 is armed with a rifled Royal Ordnance L30 main gun firing 120-millimeter shells out to a distance of up to three miles. How many m1 Abrams tanks have been destroyed? 2019 Military-Wiki.com - You may not copy this content without our permission, Challenger 2 Never been destroyed in any battle, Chinas Obsolete Chengdu J-7 Is Being Retired, Malaysia Procures 18 New FA-50 Light Fighters From South Korea, Poland Procures 1,400 Borsuk IFVs: Modernizing Soviet-era Ground Fleet, Aung Zeya Frigate: Myanmars First Domestic Frigate, Leopard 2A7+ Will Replace Hungarys T-72 Fleet. [48] The crew survived, safe within the tank until it was recovered for repairs, the worst damage being to the sighting system. Range: 342mi or 550km on road with external fuel; 156mi (250km) cross country on internal fuel. Spec Ops Magazine 2023 All Rights Reserved. The increase in both vehicle performance and durability is significant. It is a very capable tank. In addition to being equipped with the platform battlefield information system application provided by Computing Devices of Canada, including a display for the commander, an inertial navigation system, Challenger 2 is also integrated with a range of electronic combat support systems, allowing crews to operate more efficiently. There will though be fewer of them. Mass-produced since 1993, officially in service with the British army in 1998 with more than 400 units, Challenger 2 also served in the Royal Omani Army with a total of 38. Design authority for the tank is held by Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL). With the philosophy of sacrificing maneuverability to enhance crew protection, Vickers has developed for Challenger 2 the special second generation Chobham complex armor system called Dorchester. The power pack has been replaced by a new 1,500hp (1,100kW) EuroPowerPack with a transversely mounted MTU MT883 diesel engine coupled to Renk HSWL 295TM automatic transmission. The proposed CV12 upgrade by Caterpillar Defense would fit electronically controlled common rail fuel injection and introduce engine health monitoring (HUMS). By . Explosive reactive armour kits and additional bar armour may be fitted as needed. British Challenger 2 main battle tanks could be heading to Ukraine to help its forces in their defence against Russia's invasion. Maximum speed: 37mph (60km/h) on road; 25mph (40km/h) cross country. The Challenger 2 has seen limited combat service, primarily with a single British battalion in Basra, Iraq. It is fair to say that all of these tanks are comparable and have proven their worth when exposed to significant combat situations. The British Army has 227 Challenger 2 tanks - though many are not currently in position to be deployed. [112] In October 2019, it was announced that Thales would be supplying their Catherine Megapixel (MP) thermal imaging camera.[113]. The Leopard II weighs 62.3 tons and has a top speed of 42 miles per hour. [citation needed] An order for a further 259 tanks and 9 driver trainers worth 800 million was placed in 1994. One hundred and forty-eight Challenger 2s are currently being upgraded to 'Challenger 3s' with the remaining 79 vehicles from the fleet set for retirement. The turret has been replaced with a fixed weighted superstructure to accommodate an instructor and up to 4 trainees. . Challenger 2 tanks are a source of pride for the British military and have been in operation for almost 25 years. [The tank was] well armoured but in an operational theatre it's not the case that you can have absolute protection. See answer (1) Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Production began in 1993 and the unit's tanks were delivered in July 1994, replacing the Challenger 1. The Challenger 2 is equipped with a 120-millimetre (4.7in) 55-calibre long L30A1 tank gun,[10] the successor to the L11 gun used on the Chieftain and Challenger 1. Effective range of fire with armor-piercing round is over 3 000 m. The Challenger gun claims the longest-distance tank kill in history. Rheinmetall's more extensive upgrade proposal, including the new 120mm smoothbore gun, had been accepted. The Challenger 2 is a main battle tank, designed to destroy other tanks. It is renowned for its durability and endurance. It has been used by the British Army on operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Iraq, and has never experienced a loss at the hands of the enemy, the British Army states. The only Challenger 2 that was ever destroyed was due to being mistakenly shot by another Challenger 2. You are here: performance task roller coaster design edgenuity; 1971 topps baseball cards value; [58], In July 2022, a squadron of 14 Challenger 2 tanks of the Queen's Royal Hussars were sent to Poland on an initial 6 month deployment. Company Limited by Guarantee. [59], The Challenger Lethality Improvement Programme (CLIP) was a programme to replace the current L30A1 rifled gun with the smoothbore Rheinmetall 120 mm gun currently used in the Leopard 2 and M1 Abrams. "Not once has it been destroyed at the hands of an enemy." Any Western tank entering Ukraine was going to need a different supply of ammo from that used in the T-64, T-72, and T-80 tanks . Although no Challenger 2 tanks have been destroyed by the enemy, one tank was mistakenly hit by British forces during the battle of Basra, Iraq in 2003. Challenger 2 has a length of 8.3m excluding gun barrel, 3.5m wide, 2.49m high, weighing about 69 tons and 75 tons if equipped with enhanced armor module. The most incredible legend to date was still a Challenger 2 tank that had been hit by 70 RPG-7 anti-tank shells at all distances without damage near Basra province, this tank even just 6 hours of repair before getting ready to return to the battlefield. The Trojan minefield breaching vehicle and the Titan bridge-laying vehicle based on the chassis of the Challenger 2 were shown in November 2006. Repost from r/todayilearned: 'a Challenger 2 tank was hit by 14 RPGs and an anti-tank missile in Iraq. Portugal. Its the same sector where the Russian army has concentrated its own best T-90 tanks and BMP-T fighting vehicles. The turret is capable of rotating 360 degrees in 9 seconds. The Challenger 2 is used by four armoured regiments, based in the South West of England at Tidworth, Wiltshire, and Bovington, Dorset. Ultimately, it is likely to be destroyed if a sufficient number of missiles or IEDs hit any tank. He signed off on sending the tanks as well as around 30 AS90 self-propelled guns during a call with Ukrainian Presidnet, Volodymyr Zelensky, over the weekend. Theres not a lot of tank-on-tank combat in Ukraine. A Challenger 2, likely a prototype, is plinthed outside Allenby Barracks, The prototype CRARRV is on display at The, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 17:05. View results. You may opt-out by. The British Army has 227 Challenger 2 tanks - though many are not currently in position to be deployed. They each weigh 62.5 tonnes and come equipped with a 120mm rifled gun and a 7.62mm . [67], In terms of the powertrain, BAE Systems were evaluating whether to uprate the existing CV12 engine or swap this for alternative designs. With the massive development of current technology, the main battle tanks are becoming more and more dominant. [14] Vickers received a 90 million contract for a demonstrator vehicle to be delivered by September 1990. The Tank, Combat, 120-mm Gun, Challenger 2, FV4034 or CR2, is a rank VII British medium tank with a battle rating of 11.0 (AB/RB/SB).It was introduced in Update 1.87 "Locked On".. You have entered an incorrect email address! [20] However, IHS Jane's 360 reported in September 2015 that following discussions with senior Army officers and procurement officials at DSEI 2015 and the head of the British Army, General Sir Nick Carter, that the British Army was looking at either upgrading the Challenger 2 or outright replacing it. It was designed as a replacement to the Challenger 1 tank in 1986, and has been in service with the British Army since July 1994. In contrast, the Abrams tank has been used extensively in combat in Afghanistan and Iraq, with more than 10,000 units built. Could Leclerc MBT Be Transferred To Ukraine? Challenger 2: British tank buster that has 'never' been destroyed The British Challenger 2 is a main battle tank that has been used on operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Iraq. [44] The use of an APU allows fuel consumption to be reduced, and lowers the audio and thermal signature of the vehicle. The upper areas of the running gear and hull are protected in thin skirt armor. An 800m contract has been agreed to supply the Army with 148 upgraded, fully-digitised tanks as part of a major overhaul of the armed forces. Has a challenger 2 tank ever been destroyed? Mr Sunaks official spokesman said: We believe that a long and static war only serves to benefit Russia. The UK will send 14 British Challenger 2 battle tanks to Ukraine. 4,200 rounds of 7.62mm ammunition are carried. . These new more modern assemblies will increase cooling capacity and reduce engine fuel cutback mode (where engine power is reduced if cooling capacity for the main engine and transmission is exceeded) through improved air flow efficiency. [126] The leaked excerpts of the AESP document had been edited to appear as though it had been declassified under the UK's Freedom of Information Act 2000. The crew consists of four people with the driver in the hull and commander, loader and gunner in the turret. The tank is also well-protected against all-known anti-tank weapons as it has Chobham composite armour, which is made up of steel and uranium. Russia quickly hit back at the offer, with Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov saying these tanks are burning and will burn just like the rest. British Challenger 2 main battle tanks could be heading to Ukraine to help its forces in their defence against Russia's invasion. Russia circling Ukraines defence of Bakhmut as pressure mounts after months of fighting, African and Asian students forced to return to Ukraine for exam say treatment is racist. The 25th and 80th Air Mobile Brigades each could form a single under-strength company with three fewer tanks than a Ukrainian air-mobile brigade usually possesses. The Challenger 2 is a main battle tank, designed to destroy other tanks. The running gear consists of six double-tired road wheels to a track side with the drive sprocket at the rear and the track idler at the front. The Challengers were not subjected to as much combat or intense situations as the other tanks. [26], In May 2021, the UK MoD published a command paper entitled Defence in a Competitive Age. [66] However the Minister of State for Defence announced in April 2022 that a common engine (build standard) will be applied to Challenger 2, Challenger 3 and CRARRV only after a new refrigerant is found for the CTCS (Crew Temperature Control System). British Army Challenger 2 tanks in Poland for Exercise Black Eagle in 2014. . The CR2 In-Service Reliability Demonstration (ISRD) milestone was successfully achieved in January 1999. [73], Work to update the base Challenger 2 hull and automotive components, undertaken by DE&S, RBSL and Babcock, commenced in July 2021 in advance of these being converted to Challenger 3s. Three vehicles were tested for 285 simulated battlefield days. Improved Main Engine/Transmission Cooling; fitting new high efficiency radiators (596 sets) and fans (294 triple fan sets with mountings and drive systems). Oddly enough it's feminists, One of the UK's smallest towns has an award-winning pub and England's oldest fishing society, The golden health rules GPs live by, including why you should ditch your weekend lie-ins, When the cost of living payments could be paid in 2023, and how much people will get, Liverpool plan to be ruthless in 'biggest rebuild for a generation', How many episodes of The Last of Us there are and when the series ends, 'The man is a narcissist': Tories despair as 'bully' Boris Johnson threatens Sunak's new start, NHS condemns 'unreasonable' demands of up to 262 an hour for cover during doctors' strike, Do not sell or share my personal information. Other enhancements included a laser warning system and an active protection system. The 90th operates many of Russias dwindling fleet of new T-90 tanks, as well as the nine surviving examples of the latest BMP-T fighting vehicle. To date, the only time the tank has been destroyed during operations was by another Challenger 2 in a "blue on blue" (friendly fire) incident at Basra in 2003 when the destroyed tank had its hatch open at the time of the incident. There have been a small number of tanks that have been damaged and repaired. The regiments are called The Queens Royal Hussars, The Kings Royal Hussars, The Royal Tank Regiment, and The Royal Wessex Yeomanry the reserve regiment. There could be a hundred or more T-90s in the woods around Kreminna. Early trials apparently revealed that the German tungsten DM53 round was more effective than the depleted-uranium CHARM 3. [108], In October 2020, the MoD argued against buying a new main battle tank from overseas instead of pursuing the Challenger 2 LEP, stating that an upgraded Challenger 2 would be "comparable and in certain areas superior" to a Leopard 2 or Abrams. ': Messages reveal frantic hours after Hancock affair story breaks, Instagram midwife faces misconduct hearing over racially offensive posts, Stephen Bear jailed for 21 months for revenge porn video of ex-girlfriend Georgia Harrison, Ken Bruce's final show reminded us he doesn't just talk to everyone, he listens to them, too, Who hates my naked protests most? The turret in the center of the hull remains in shape but the overall protection was further enhanced with the generation of Chobham 2e armor. The Challenger 3 tanks will replace the existing . During the heady early weeks of the war, the Ukrainian 1st Tank Brigade hid its T-64 tanks in the forest around Chernihiv, 60 miles north of Kyiv. Also for better collective protection, the NBC generators and systems were moved to the turret bustle. Further developed versions of the EuroPowerPack have more recently been installed in the latest serial produced Korean K2 Black Panther tank. The tank is fitted with an Extel Systems Wedel auxiliary power unit, an APU, also referred to as a generating unit engine (GUE), based on a 38kW Perkins P404C-22 diesel engine. These are a mix of L27A1 APFSDS (also referred to as CHARM 3), L31 HESH and L34 white phosphorus smoke rounds, depending on the situation. Reference number: AVPISP/00113", "Thales UK supplying new TI camera for Challenger 2 tanks", "Number of tanks based on the Challenger 2 chassis within the British Army", "Britain planning to provide tanks to Ukraine, Downing Street confirms", "Britain wants Challenger tanks in Ukraine by end of March - minister", "British tank crushes learner driver's car in Germany", "Two Soldiers Dead in Castlemartin Accident", "Army tank explosion deaths caused by design flaw", "Classified Challenger tank specs leaked online for videogame", "British military looks to the 'Eurotank' as it weighs its hardware options", "Here some scans of one of my original Vickers brochure from the time", "Challenger tank given to Newcastle museum to mark Tyneside's industrial legacy", "Tank Museum: Challenger Tanks: Question for Ministry of Defence, UIN 44214, tabled on 7 September 2021", Challenger Armoured Repair and Recovery Vehicle (CRARRV), List of modern armoured fighting vehicles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Challenger_2&oldid=1139943448, PostCold War tanks of the United Kingdom, Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s, Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 4 (commander, gunner, loaderoperator, driver), 75t (74 long tons; 83 short tons) with combat armour modules, 250km (160mi) off-road on internal fuel, Suspension: Horstman Defence Systems second-generation. Only 148 of them will be modernised and they won't be entirely new. [85] The CSP was planned to be complete by 2020 and was to combine all the upgrades from CLIP, including the fitting of a 120mm smoothbore gun. Finland (not in NATO) Poland. The L30A1 main gun is armed with a variety of ammunition, has proven effective in anti-conflict, anti-terrorism and peacekeeping missions. The type saw extensive use during the siege of the city, providing fire support to the British forces and knocking out Iraqi tanks, mainly T-54/55s. Mr Zelensky said tanks, APCs and artillery are exactly what Ukraine needs to restore its territorial integrity and thanked Mr Sunak, Defence Secretary, Ben Wallace, and the British people for this powerful contribution to our common victory over tyranny. But once Ukraines first 14 BAE Systems Challenger 2s arrive around Kreminna, as early as next month, there could be tank-on-tank fights pitting the 25th and 80th Air Mobile Brigades against the Russian 90th Tank Division. Equipment replaced during HAAIP will be checked for serviceability, repaired if required, and returned for re-use in the existing Challenger 2 fleet. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a83c5821f899228ce70da49d30a320fa" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Content on this website is free to use and share, but please provide a link back to Spec Ops Magazine as a source. The tank has seen operational service in Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq. Only one has ever been recorded as destroyed, of which was due to a friendly fire incident involving another Challenger 2 tank. The Challenger 2 is the third vehicle of this name, the first being the A30 Challenger, a World War II design using the Cromwell tank chassis with a 17-pounder gun. 7 Specifications. The commander's station is equipped with eight periscopes for 360 vision. Rishi Sunak hopes the UKs intensifying support will increase the pressure on Russian President, Vladimir Putin, and galvanise support among Western allies. The Challenger 2 failed its acceptance trials in 1994, and it was forced into the Progressive Reliability Growth Trial in 1995. [109], On 22 March 2021, the MoD published its long-awaited command paper, Defence in a Competitive Age, which confirmed the British Army's plans to upgrade 148 Challenger 2 tanks and designate them Challenger 3. The British Army maintained its requirement for a four-man crew, including a loader, after risk analysis of the incorporation of an automatic loader suggested that autoloaders reduced battlefield survivability. [60], A single Challenger 2 was fitted with the L55 and underwent trials in January 2006. Track: William Cook Defence hydraulically adjustable TR60 414FS double-pin. . The driver's sight was damaged and while attempting to back away under the commander's directions, the other sights were damaged and the tank threw its tracks entering a ditch. 2011-03-25 08:03:08. [45], Challenger 2 tanks require two sets of tools, as the hull is built using imperial measurements and the turret is built to metric measurements. Here is a list of the countries which have so far pledged tanks to Ukraine, or are reportedly considering to do so. The Challenger 2 is an extensive redesign of the Challenger 1. Johnson instead chose to deploy British Challenger 2 tanks to Poland to backfill the Polish Army and allowing the Polish government to donate Soviet-era T-72s to Ukraine. The world is witnessing a powerful rise of new generation modern tanks, the US and Russia are still the leading countries in this field. how many challenger 2 tanks have been destroyed. [98][99][100], In October 2018, BAE Systems unveiled its proposed Challenger 2 LEP technology demonstrator, the "Black Night". As of 2022[update] maintenance and overhaul of the Challenger 2 is undertaken by the Babcock Defence Support Group. in /nfs/c05/h04/mnt/113983/domains/toragrafix.com/html/wp-content . The British Army has 227 ageing Challenger 2 tanks. The only Challenger 2 that was ever destroyed was due to being mistakenly shot by another Challenger 2. Vickers Defence Systems began to develop a successor to Challenger 1 as a private venture in 1986. The Challenger 2 is also armed with a L94A1 EX-34 7.62mm chain gun coaxially to the left of the main gun, and a 7.62mm L37A2 (GPMG) machine gun mounted on a pintle on the loader's hatch ring. The US is sending 31 of its Abrams tanks, the UK is providing 14 Challenger 2 tanks and Germany, 14 Leopards 2 tanks. Sources confirmed that the future of the MBT was being considered at the highest levels of the Army. [citation needed] Both batches ordered by Oman contain notable differences to the UK version: a larger cooling group and rear towing eyes, running gear and bazooka plates similar to Challenger 1, and a loader's Browning 0.5 Calibre M2 Heavy Machine Gun. How many tanks are there in the world? The second was the Persian Gulf War era Challenger 1, which was the British army's main battle tank (MBT) from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s.. Vickers Defence Systems began to develop a successor to Challenger 1 as a . Expert Answers: To date, the only time the tank has been destroyed during operations was by another Challenger 2 in a "blue on blue" (friendly fire) incident at Basra in 2003 . It is hard to believe that the British tank has been able to move 2.5 km back to a safe location, handed over to repair technicians. The two squadrons of tanks currently deployed, form part of the British contribution to the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence multinational battlegroup in the Baltics. The Abrams has a noisy 1,500-horsepower gas-guzzling turbine, which starts up more rapidly, while the . The Challenger 3 tanks will replace the existing Challenger 2 vehicles which have been in use since 1998. The Challenger Armoured Repair and Recovery Vehicle (CRARRV) is an armoured recovery vehicle based on the Challenger 1 hull, designed to repair and recover damaged tanks on the battlefield. The second was the Persian Gulf War era Challenger 1, which was the British army's main battle tank (MBT) from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The Ministry of Defence ordered a prototype in December 1988. The Leopard 2 tank, while not having as much combat experience as the Abrams and Merkava, has been used by numerous armies and has seen service in Afghanistan and Syria. The Merkava 3 and 4 tanks have also seen significant combat exposure in Gaza and Lebanon, with over 1000 units built. Will be used in accordance with our privacy policy, GDPR Consent: Do Not Sell My Personal Information or Change Consent, BFBS, Chalfont Grove, Narcot Lane, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 8TN World Russia-Ukraine War Russian Tanks Russia Kharkiv. The Challenger 2 entered service with the British Army in June 1998, with the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, with the last delivered in 2002. Ironically, the T-72 was a stopgap design, intended to provide a replacement for the more advanced T-64, which was not successful. Pakistans T-80UD Fleet: Elite Armored Force, Polish T-72 Fleet Transferred To Ukraine: All For War, North Koreas Mysterious MBT: Abrams + T-14 Armata, Czech Republic Considers Purchasing Up To 50 Leopard 2A7+ MBTs, German-Danish-Dutch Alliance Supplies Ukraine With 100 Leopard 1A5 Tanks, Pakistans Al-Zarrar Fleet: Valuable Upgrade Package Of Chinese Type 59 Tank, Ukraine Launches Its Most Modern MBT T-84U Oplot In Kharkiv, Belgium Could Restore 20 Former Leopard 1A5 MBTs To Ukraine, USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20) Explore the US Navys Combat Brain, Spain Considers Sending 6 Leopard 2A4s To Ukraine. Vickers struggled to market the tank for export. The move, which makes the United Kingdom the first Western power to send the heavy tanks Kyiv has been calling for, comes in the backdrop of renewed missile attacks . [29][30], On 14 January 2023, the British government confirmed reports that in light of the developing situation in Ukraine, it had reversed its position on the supply of Challenger 2 tanks to Ukraine. The FV4034 Challenger 2, also known as CR2, is a British third generation main battle tank, developed by Vickers Defense Systems in 1986, now BAE Systems Land & Armaments. The Challenger 2 is a heavily armoured and well protected tank. Over 8,800 m1 and m1a1 tanks have been produced for the us army and marine corps, and the armies of egypt, saudi arabia and kuwait. To date, the only time the tank has been destroyed during operations was by another Challenger 2 in a "blue on blue" (friendly fire) incident at Basra in 2003 when the destroyed tank had its hatch open at the time of the incident. The Challenger 2 has seen limited combat . an RPG-29 round was reported to have penetrated the frontal ERA of a Challenger 2 tank during an engagement in al-Amarah, Iraq, maiming . There are major exceptions, of course. The Challenger 2E is an export version of the tank. How many Challenger 2 tanks does the British Army have? The sole BMP-T company just suffered its first combat loss. One was destroyed in a friendly fire incident by another Challenger II. At the last of these milestones, Vickers was to have met 11 key criteria for the tank's design.[15]. The commander has a panoramic SAGEM VS 580-10 gyrostabilised sight with laser rangefinder. A spokesperson for the British Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, described the move as reflecting "the UK's ambition to intensify support". The British Army has 227 Challenger 2 tanks though many are not currently in position to be deployed. [133], Background: History of the tank, Tank classification. The nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection system is located in the turret bustle. The manufacturer advertises it as the world's most reliable main battle tank. how many challenger 2 tanks have been destroyed. [19], A British military document from 2001 indicated that the British Army would not procure a replacement for the Challenger 2 because of a lack of foreseeable conventional threats in the future. It has been used by the British Army on operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Iraq, and has never experienced a loss at the hands of the enemy. In one encounter within an urban area, a Challenger 2 came under attack from irregular forces with machine guns and rocket propelled grenades (RPGs). These tanks were the first Western MBTs offered to Ukraine, supplementing donations of Western manufactured infantry fighting vehicles, armoured personnel carriers, and self-propelled artillery;[31][32][33] A number of other countries have subsequently announced that they would supply Ukraine with Western-manufactured MBTs; specifically the American M1 Abrams and German-made Leopard 1 and Leopard 2.
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