Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Manage Settings The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. LS23 6AD Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Foreign Affairs. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. By 1568 most people had accepted. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Company Reg no: 04489574. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. . (*fragmentary*). Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. J. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. - Leith blockade. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. The invasion failed, however. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. VAT reg no 816865400. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. 2) This war was not a success. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. 1. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. 214 High Street, Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. . The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. One was debt. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. She was a Protestant. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Mary was spared. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. It had to deal with Irish . In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. Most people in . In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Overview of Elizabeth I / This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. he could also overthrow her. Doodle's Point of View This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. Boston House, From there we will look at the career . Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Spain and France were the major European powers. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. Boston House, As such, I disagree with the statement. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. West Yorkshire, Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. 214 High Street, These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Student / 2. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Spouse: None. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). - death of henry II. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself.
Fnaf 6 Henry Speech Copypasta,
Little Stoke Sort It Centre,
Thurston County Old Aerial Photos,
Dana 24 Circumnavigation,
Team Canada Women's Lacrosse Roster,
Articles W